Capture a data pulse into the storage loop (circulating Φ₀ = “1”). Hold — the output pin is not a CMOS high; the bit lives in the loop. Clock reads: full → output pulse + clear (destructive); empty → silence.
| # | Action | Before | After | OUT pulse? | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inject data (fill), then fire clock (emit + clear). Or clock an empty loop (no OUT). | |||||
Destructive readout is the default teaching model (NDRO exists later as vocabulary). A second data pulse into an already-full loop is a library-dependent hazard — flagged here as WARN. DFF pads for path balancing still need clock-tree leaves.